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PD 114 * AP 32 * AUT 16 Opposition Parties (158) * FI 44 * M5S 36 * ALA 14 * LN 12 * CR 10 * GAL 10 * Mixed Group 30 | last_election1 = 24–25 February 2013 | meeting_place = Palazzo Madama, Rome | website = (http://www.senato.it ) }} The Senate of the Republic ((イタリア語:Senato della Repubblica)) is a house of the bicameral Italian Parliament (the other being the Chamber of Deputies). It was established in its current form on 8 May 1948, but previously existed during the Kingdom of Italy as ''Senato del Regno'' (Senate of the Kingdom), itself a continuation of the ''Senato Subalpino'' (Subalpine Senate) of Sardinia-Piedmont established on 8 May 1848. Members of the Senate are styled ''Senator'' or ''The Honourable Senator'' (Italian: ''Onorevole Senatore'') and they meet at Palazzo Madama, Rome. == Composition == The Senate consists of 315 elected members, and six senators for life. The elected senators must be over 40 years of age, are elected by an electorate composed of Italian citizens aged 25 or over and, save for six senators who represent Italians living outside Italy, are elected on a regional basis. The senators for life are composed of former Presidents of the Italian Republic who hold office ''ex officio'', and up to five citizens who are appointed by the president "for outstanding merits in the social, scientific, artistic or literary field". The six current life senators are: * Of law as former President of the Republic: Giorgio Napolitano * Of law as former President of the Republic: Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (independent, member of the Mixed Group) * One economist (who served as Prime Minister in 2011-13): Mario Monti (SC) * One Pritzker Prize-winning architect: Renzo Piano (independent, member of the Mixed Group) * One Nobel Prize-winning particle physicist and inventor: Carlo Rubbia (independent, member of SVP-UV-PATT-UPT-PSI-MAIE) * One academic (the third female lifetime senator in Italian history): Elena Cattaneo (independent, member of SVP-UV-PATT-UPT-PSI-MAIE) The Italian Senate is unusual among European upper houses in that it has the same power as its lower counterpart. Any law can be initiated in either house, and must be approved in the same form by both houses. Additionally, a Government must have the consent of both to remain in office (a position which is known as "perfect bicameralism"). The current term of office of the Senate is five years. Until a Constitutional change on February 9, 1963 the Senate was elected for six-year terms of office. The Senate may be dissolved before the expiration of its normal term by the President of the Republic (e.g. when no government can obtain a majority). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Senate of the Republic (Italy)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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